阅读-2022年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）
单词选填
During the summer, when I was a visiting poet at a residency out of state, an angry, confused woman wandered into my class and said：”I have three guns and I want to use them.” We all （froze (害怕)） . It wasn’t clear if she had the guns, but we each know that, when we teach in America, we are already in danger. I was dizzy with fear. The woman, who later turned out to be a schizophrenic (精神分裂症患者) without to her medications, was, by some force, wrestled out and away, then put in a hospital for observation, in a step that was actually safer for everyone than any one of us pressing charges. My class went on；we talked about poems. But despite the fact that the rest of our days on campus passed , I was rattled. I couldn’t shake the sense that in this country we always live at risk. A few months later, crisis again. While my husband was locking his bike to drop off our 3-year-old daughter for her preschool-aged day camp, a different woman approached. Swiftly and for no reason, she bent down, picked up our daughter, and began to carry her down the street. It was so fast and confusing that my daughter cried. My husband, in a burst of speed, chased the woman and reclaimed our daughter. The woman, clearly confused, retreated into the public library. A of homeless people who generally know the other homeless in the area said they did not recognize the woman. The woman was so clearly unwell that when she was taken into custody she was incoherent. Heartbreakingly, she called our daughter by the name of someone else’s child. Each part of the episode was haunting as it was terrifying（可怕的） .
在那个夏天，当我在外州一个驻留项目中担任客座诗人时，一位愤怒、困惑的女人闯进了我的课堂，说：“我有三把枪，我想用它们。”我们都冻住了（害怕）。不清楚她是否真的有枪，但我们每个人都知道，在美国教学，我们已经处于危险之中。
I was dizzy with fear. The woman, who later turned out to be a schizophrenic (精神分裂症患者) without (access 机会) to her medications, was, by some force, wrestled out and （beescorted 被护送） away, then put in a hospital for observation, in a step that was actually safer for everyone than any one of us pressing charges. My class went on；we talked about poems. But despite the fact that the rest of our days on campus passed （peacefully 平静地） , I was rattled. I couldn’t shake the sense that in this country we always live at （incredible ） risk.
我被吓得头晕目眩。后来发现，这个女人是一名没有获得药物（机会）的精神分裂症患者（精神分裂症患者），在某种力量的作用下，她被摔倒并护送（被护送）离开，然后被送往医院观察，这比我们任何人提出指控都更安全。我的课继续进行；我们谈论诗歌。尽管我们在校园里的日子平静地（平静地）度过了，但我仍然感到不安。我无法摆脱这种感觉：在这个国家，我们总是生活在极大的风险中。
A few months later, crisis （struck 侵袭） again. While my husband was locking his bike to drop off our 3-year-old daughter for her preschool-aged day camp, a different woman approached. Swiftly and for no （apparent 明确的） reason, she bent down, picked up our daughter, and began to carry her down the street. It was so fast and confusing that my daughter （barely 几乎没有） cried. My husband, in a burst of speed, chased the woman and reclaimed our daughter. The woman, clearly confused, retreated into the public library. A （network 关系网） of homeless people who generally know the other homeless in the area said they did not recognize the woman. The woman was so clearly unwell that when she was taken into custody she was incoherent. Heartbreakingly, she called our daughter by the name of someone else’s child. Each part of the episode was haunting as it was .
几个月后，危机再次侵袭（侵袭）。当我丈夫锁好自行车，准备送我们三岁的女儿去她的学龄前日营时，另一名女子走近了。她迅速且毫无明显（明确的）理由地弯下腰，抱起我们的女儿，开始沿街走去。事情发生得太快太混乱，以至于我女儿几乎没有（几乎没有）哭。我丈夫以飞快的速度追上了那名女子，并夺回了我们的女儿。那名女子显然很困惑，退回了公共图书馆。通常认识其他无家可归者的一群无家可归者说他们不认识那名女子。那名女子明显不健康，被拘留时语无伦次。令人心碎的是，她称呼我们的女儿为另一个孩子的名字。整个事件的每一部分都既令人难以忘怀又令人恐惧（可怕的）
选段落
A) Michael Wardian pushed forward into the penetrating arctic (北极的)wind, fighting the urge to speed up. Too much effort and he’d begin to sweat, which, he was told, would only increase the risk of hypothermia (体温过低).
A) 迈克尔·沃迪安冒着刺骨的北极寒风向前推进，努力抑制加速的冲动。过多的运动会让他开始出汗，而他被告知这只会增加体温过低的风险。
Over-exertion in extreme cold can lower one’s body temperature to a dangerous point.
在极冷的环境中过度运动会使人的体温降至危险水平。
B) At the 2014 North Pole Marathon, the temperature dipped to minus-22 degrees F, with a wind chill that made it feel even colder. Along the route, armed guards wandered the large sheets of floating ice to minimize the risk of polar bear attacks.
B) 在2014年的北极马拉松比赛中，气温降到了零下22华氏度，风寒效应使得体感温度更低。沿途，武装警卫在大片漂浮的冰上巡逻，以减少北极熊袭击的风险。
C) “I like to do stuff that scares me,“ Wardian said. With ice frozen to his beard, Wardian crossed the finish line that April afternoon in a winning time of 4 hours 7 minutes and 40 seconds, almost two hours slower than his personal best over 26.2 miles. The race for Wardian, however, was less about the result than overcoming his aversion to the cold.
C) “我喜欢做让我害怕的事情，”沃迪恩（Michael Wardian）说。那年四月的下午，沃迪恩胡子上结满冰，他以4小时7分钟40秒的成绩冲过终点，比他在26.2英里上的个人最佳成绩慢了近两小时。然而，对于沃迪恩来说，这次比赛的意义在于克服对寒冷的恐惧，而不是结果。
For Wardian, the marathon in the Arctic was more about how to triumph over the extreme cold.
对于 Wardian 来说，北极马拉松更多的是关于如何战胜极寒。
D) In a few days, Wardian will once again compete in an unfamiliar territory and below-freezing temperatures. He will line up Monday in Antarctica (南极) for the first leg of the World Marathon Challenge—joining 32 other adventure seekers on an unusual journey where participants travel through different time zones and climates to run seven marathons on seven continents in seven days.
D) 几天后，沃迪恩将再次在陌生的地方和零度以下的气温中比赛。他将在周一的南极洲（南极）站在世界马拉松挑战赛的起跑线上，与其他32位冒险者一起踏上这段不寻常的旅程，参与者将穿越不同的时区和气候，在七天内跑完七大洲的七个马拉松。
Wardian hopes his participation in the seven-day marathon series will contribute to a worthy cause.
Wardian 将与三十多名其他跑者一起参加为期一周的马拉松系列赛。
E) An elite ultra-runner, Wardian has his sights on breaking the event’s record average marathon time of 3：32：25 set last January by U. S. Marine Corps captain Daniel Cartica. Wardian, a 42-year-old Arlington resident, is a record-breaking racer, known in the ultra-running community for seeking tough courses and setting world records. Last year, he ran 1,254.65 miles in 47 races. The World Marathon Challenge, like most of Wardian’s running goals, will be about pushing his limits. “I love diverse and unique challenges,” he said. “I’m definitely interested in seeing what I can handle and what my body can accept. That drives me.”
E) 作为一名精英超马选手，沃迪恩的目标是打破去年1月由美国海军陆战队上尉丹尼尔·卡蒂卡（Daniel Cartica）创下的平均马拉松时间3小时32分25秒的纪录。42岁的沃迪恩是阿灵顿居民，是一名破纪录的赛车手，以追求艰难的赛道和创造世界纪录而闻名于超马社区。去年，他在47场比赛中跑了1254.65英里。世界马拉松挑战赛，和沃迪恩的大多数跑步目标一样，是关于挑战自己的极限。“我喜欢多样而独特的挑战，”他说。“我绝对对看看我能承受什么，我的身体能接受什么感兴趣。这激励着我。”
Wardian regards the various extraordinary challenges as a test of his physical endurance. （E）
Wardian 将各种非凡的挑战视为对他身体耐力的考验。
F) Something about the way Richard Donovan carried himself appealed to Wardian. Perhaps it was the sense of adventure Donovan displayed when they first met at the 2010 50K Championships in Galway, Ireland, where Donovan was the race director. The two hit it off, and soon Wardian was participating in Donovan’s events. It was at the North Pole Marathon, a race that Donovan organizes, that Wardian first heard about the Irishman’s plan for the World Marathon Challenge—a challenge that Donovan himself completed in 2009 and 2012. “I knew that many people had a goal of running seven marathons on seven continents during any time period,“ Donovan, 50, said. “I felt the natural extension to this idea would be to try to achieve it within a seven-day period.”
F) 理查德·多诺万（Richard Donovan）的某种气质吸引了沃迪恩。也许是多诺万在2010年爱尔兰戈尔韦50公里锦标赛上展示的冒险精神吸引了他，当时多诺万是赛事的导演。两人一拍即合，不久之后，沃迪恩便开始参加多诺万的赛事。沃迪恩第一次听说爱尔兰人的世界马拉松挑战赛计划是在北极马拉松上，那是多诺万组织的比赛。“我知道很多人有在任何时间段内完成七大洲七个马拉松的目标，”50岁的多诺万说。“我觉得这个想法的自然延伸是尝试在七天内完成它。”
Wardian was very much impressed by a race director’s sense of adventure.
Wardian 对一位比赛总监的冒险精神印象深刻。
G) Wardian started saving for the trip in 2014, connecting with sponsors and getting approval from his wife, Jennifer, before committing. Registration for the event costs 36,000 euros, which covers international charter flights to each of the seven marathon locations：Union Glacier (Antarctica), Punta Arenas, Chile (South America), Miami (North America), Madrid (Europe), Marrakesh, Morocco (Africa), Dubai (Asia) and Sydney (Australia). The challenge is a test of both physical strength and mental fitness. Sleeping on a crammed plane, adjusting to different time zones and finding food to eat (Wardian is a vegetarian) would make it an exhausting trip over a month, let alone a week. “The key to a race like this is getting comfortable being uncomfortable,” said Becca Pizzi, last year’s women’s champion. “The highs of the race are incredibly high, and the lows incredibly low.”
G) 沃迪恩从2014年开始为这次旅行储蓄，与赞助商联系，并在得到妻子詹妮弗（Jennifer）的批准后才承诺报名。参加这项活动的注册费为36000欧元，这包括到七个马拉松地点的国际包机：南极洲的联合冰川（Union Glacier）、智利的蓬塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas，南美洲）、迈阿密（北美洲）、马德里（欧洲）、摩洛哥的马拉喀什（非洲）、迪拜（亚洲）和悉尼（澳大利亚）。这项挑战是对体力和心理素质的双重考验。睡在拥挤的飞机上，适应不同的时区，并找到食物（沃迪恩是素食主义者），这些在一个月内已经够累人的了，更别说在一周内完成了。“这种比赛的关键是让自己在不舒适中找到舒适，”去年的女子冠军贝卡·皮齐（Becca Pizzi）说。“比赛的高潮极其高，低谷极其低。”
To participate in the seven-day marathon series, Wardian had to raise a lot of money and have his wife’s support.
为了参加七天马拉松系列赛，Wardian 不仅需要筹集大量资金，还需要得到妻子的支持。
H) Since turning it into an organized event in 2015, Donovan has attracted a variety of runners. This year’s challenge will feature a far more elite field, which includes Ryan Hall, America’s fastest marathon runner. Despite his proven track record, Hall said he has no time goals and that he still suffers from the same fatigue issues that forced him to leave the professional ranks in 2015. Hall plans to run with his friend, Pastor Matthew Barnett of The Dream Center in Los Angeles—one of the six American men who will be competing. “I don’t expect to run a step with Mike, but I will be excited to see how he does,“ said the 34-year-old Hall, who began weight-lifting after retiring. “If I finish within an hour of him in each marathon, I’d be surprised.”
H) 自2015年将其变成一个有组织的活动以来，多诺万吸引了各种各样的跑步者。今年的挑战将包括更为精英的选手，其中包括美国最快的马拉松选手瑞恩·霍尔（Ryan Hall）。尽管有着出色的成绩记录，霍尔表示他没有时间目标，并且他仍然受到2015年离开职业圈的疲劳问题的困扰。霍尔计划与他的朋友，洛杉矶梦想中心的牧师马修·巴尼特（Matthew Barnett）一起跑步，这是六位美国男性参赛者之一。“我不指望和迈克一起跑步，但我会很高兴看到他表现如何，”34岁的霍尔说，他在退役后开始举重训练。“如果我在每个马拉松中能在他身后一个小时内完赛，我会感到惊讶。”
One top American marathoner quit his running career because of his physical condition.
一位顶尖的美国马拉松选手因身体状况退出了他的跑步生涯。
I) Instead, 43-year-old Petr Vabrousek, an elite Czech Ironman champion, is expected to be Wardian’s closest challenger. To others on the trip, simply finishing will be its own reward. Sinead Kane of Ireland is aiming to become the first blind person to complete the challenge. And Beth Ann Telford, a 47-year-old federal government worker from Fairfax and the only American female in this year’s mix, is using the event as a platform to raise money for cancer research. It’s a cause with a personal connection to Telford, who was diagnosed with brain cancer in 2004. “Doing something like this is definitely the hardest challenge that I’ve ever done except for the chemotherapy and brain surgery,” she said. “It’s going to raise awareness… I just wanted to do something that is epic and this certainly is right up there.” Wardian, too, hopes his involvement will give him a platform to promote a cause. He recently became an ambassador for the United Nations Women’s HeForShe initiative to fight inequalities faced by women and girls worldwide.
I) 相反，43岁的捷克精英铁人三项冠军佩特·瓦布鲁塞克（Petr Vabrousek）预计将是沃迪恩最接近的挑战者。对于旅行中的其他人来说，完成比赛本身就是一种回报。爱尔兰的希妮德·凯恩（Sinead Kane）计划成为第一个完成挑战的盲人。而47岁的贝丝·安·特尔福德（Beth Ann Telford），是来自费尔法克斯的联邦政府工作人员，今年唯一的美国女性参赛者，正在利用这项活动作为平台为癌症研究筹集资金。这对特尔福德来说是一个与自己息息相关的原因，她在2004年被诊断出患有脑癌。“除了化疗和脑部手术，这绝对是我做过的最艰难的挑战，”她说。“这将提高人们的意识……我只想做一些史诗般的事情，而这确实符合我的期望。”沃迪恩也希望通过参与比赛，能够为自己支持的事业提供平台。他最近成为联合国妇女署“他为她”倡议的代言人，以打击全球女性和女孩面临的不平等现象。
Wardian hopes his participation in the seven-day marathon series will contribute to a worthy cause.
Wardian 希望他参与七天马拉松系列赛能够为有价值的事业做出贡献。
To many of the week-long marathon participants, completing the race will be a success in itself.
对于许多参加为期一周马拉松的选手来说，完成比赛本身就是一种成功。
J) On a chilly December afternoon, Wardian wove through Washington’s crowded sidewalks on the way home from his full-time job as an international ship broker. His elastic, 6-foot frame bounced gently and efficiently off the ground with each step of the hilly six-mile trip back to Arlington. This is a daily routine during the week for Wardian, who started racing professionally in 2003 and runs seven days a week, often multiple times a day. When he travels, he prefers to explore new places on his feet.
J) 在一个寒冷的十二月下午，沃迪恩在从他的全职国际船舶经纪人工作回家的路上穿过华盛顿拥挤的人行道。他那富有弹性的6英尺身躯每一步都轻盈而高效地从地面弹起，踏上回阿灵顿的6英里陡坡。这是沃迪恩在工作日的日常习惯，他在2003年开始职业比赛，每周跑七天，经常一天跑几次。当他旅行时，他喜欢用双脚探索新地方。
K) But in some ways, Wardian still has trouble thinking of himself as a runner. For the majority of his childhood, Wardian devoted his energy to becoming a Division I lacrosse (长曲棍球) player—a dream he realized when he was recruited to play at Michigan State University. “Once he decides to do something, he just works at it until he does it,“ Michaefs younger sister, Mariele, said. “Once he decides to do it, it’s usually something that’s going to happen. He’s always been like that. He’s a very motivated individual.”
K) 但在某些方面，沃迪恩仍然难以将自己视为跑步者。在大部分童年时期，沃迪恩将精力投入到成为一名一级长曲棍球（长曲棍球）选手的目标上——这是他在被密歇根州立大学招募后实现的梦想。“一旦他决定做某事，他就会努力直到实现它，”沃迪恩的妹妹玛里埃尔（Mariele）说。“一旦他决定了，这件事通常会发生。他一直是这样的人。他是一个非常有动力的人。”
Once Wardian sets his mind on something, he is determined to make it happen.
一旦 Wardian 决定做某事，他就会下定决心去实现它。
L) It was only a year or so ago that Wardian realized that he had been a runner longer than a lacrosse player. It was not until he ran in the 2004 U. S. Olympic Marathon Trials—the first of three for Wardian—that he felt that he was a legitimate runner. Now more than 10 years and numerous ultramarathon national titles and world records later, he embraces that identity. Wardian wants to see how far his legs can take him, one epic challenge at a time. “I want to always keep doing things that are exciting, adventurous, different and most importantly, probably things I’m not the best at,“ Wardian said, “because if you’re not seeking things out that are challenging and difficult for you, then you’re not growing… So I hope maybe people see what I do, and say, ‘Okay, I want to do something different or try something new… I’m going to do something that scares me.’ That’s what I’m hoping people will take from it.”
L) 大约一年前，沃迪恩才意识到自己已经比打长曲棍球的时间更长了跑步。他直到参加了2004年美国奥运马拉松选拔赛——这是沃迪恩三次参赛中的第一次——才觉得自己是真正的跑步者。现在，十多年和无数的超马国家冠军和世界纪录之后，他开始接受这个身份。沃迪恩想看看他的双腿能带他走多远，一次史诗般的挑战接着一次。“我想一直做一些令人兴奋、冒险、不同的事情，最重要的可能是那些我并不擅长的事情，”沃迪恩说，“因为如果你不去寻找那些对你有挑战性和困难的事情，那么你就不会成长……所以我希望人们看到我做的事情，然后说，‘好吧，我想做一些不同的事情或尝试一些新的东西……我要做一些让我害怕的事情。’这就是我希望人们从中获得的。”
短文阅读
Many people associate their self-worth with their work. The more successful their career, the better they feel about themselves. Work-related self-esteem is therefore a worthy ideal to pursue with vigor, right? Well, not always. According to recent research, in which psychologists interviewed 370 full-time workers over a period of three weeks, the reality is a little more complicated. And it involves negative as well as positive consequences.
许多人将自我价值与他们的工作联系在一起。事业越成功，他们对自己的感觉就越好。因此，与工作相关的自尊心是一个值得积极追求的理想，对吧？实际上，并不总是如此。根据最近的研究，心理学家在三周内采访了370名全职工作者，发现现实情况要复杂得多，涉及到负面和正面的影响。
It’s natural to be drawn towards pleasure and to step away from pain. In the workplace, if that pleasure comes from a triumph which swells our self-respect, people will try to repeat the accomplishment. But repeating that accomplishment is often not realistic, which can lead to severe negative emotional consequences when it doesn’t reoccur. This form of motivation is widely regarded as a negative type of motivation. It can hinder other more positive motivation types, such as completing a task purely because it’s fulfilling or enjoyable.
人们自然会被愉悦吸引并远离痛苦。在工作场所，如果这种愉悦来自于成功带来的自尊心膨胀，人们会试图重复这一成就。但重复这一成就通常是不现实的，这会在未能再次取得成功时导致严重的负面情绪后果。这种形式的动机被广泛认为是一种消极的动机。它可能会妨碍其他更积极的动机类型，例如仅仅因为完成任务是有成就感或令人愉快而去完成它。
What consumes the employee instead is a pressing need to feel mighty and sure of themselves. They then take on only tasks and objectives which serve that ego-driven need. As a result, to avoid feelings of shame and worthlessness associated with failure, they extend themselves to such a degree that there’s a subsequent adverse effect on their well-being. This internal pressure to succeed at all costs demands a lot of effort. It depletes their energy, culminating in disproportionate levels of damaging sentiment.
员工反而会被一种强烈的需要感所驱使，渴望感到强大和自信。然后，他们只承担那些能够满足这种自我驱动需求的任务和目标。因此，为了避免与失败相关的羞耻和无价值感，他们会将自己推到极限，以至于对他们的健康产生负面影响。这种为了成功而付出一切代价的内部压力需要大量的努力。它消耗了他们的能量，导致不成比例的负面情绪。
Those negative emotions mount into heightened anxiety, impacting their ability to make the most of their personal life. Their desire to avoid feeling inferior ends up making them feel inferior when it comes to their diminished capacity for friendship and leisure. They end up dissatisfied both at work and outside of it.
这些负面情绪积累成高度的焦虑，影响他们充分利用个人生活的能力。他们避免感到低人一等的愿望最终使他们在友谊和休闲方面的能力减弱时感到低人一等。他们最终在工作和生活中都感到不满意。
But thankfully, for those people compelled almost entirely by this specific form of motivation, the news isn’t all bad, or bad at all. The study also discovered several positive outcomes that can actually outweigh the harmful ones. Though these types of employees are motivated by the desire to avoid negative consequences, they are also motivated by the excitement of pursuing emotional rewards. This excitement makes pursuing goals enjoyable and stimulates pleasure and pride that would result from success. An effcet of the positive motivation is that it neutralizes the existence of negative motivation.
但值得庆幸的是，对于那些几乎完全由这种特定形式的动机驱动的人来说，情况并不全是坏消息，甚至并非完全糟糕。研究还发现了一些实际上可以超过有害影响的积极结果。虽然这些类型的员工受到避免负面后果的动机驱动，但他们也受到追求情感回报的兴奋感的激励。这种兴奋使追求目标变得愉快，并激发成功带来的愉悦和自豪感。积极动机的一个效果是中和了消极动机的存在。
Sure, it affects people’s personal lives to what could be deemed an unhealthy extent, because leisure activities are often seen as a part of life that must be sacrificed to manage work and family demands. However, the way people feel about their work has less to do with whether they’re motivated by the preservation of self-esteem but more with the fact that they’re simply motivated.
当然，这会对人们的个人生活产生被认为不健康的影响，因为休闲活动通常被视为必须为了管理工作和家庭需求而牺牲的生活部分。然而，人们对工作的感觉与他们是否被保护自尊心的动机驱动关系不大，更多的是因为他们被简单地激励了。
短文阅读二
Degradation of the world’s natural resources by humans is rapidly outpacing the planet’s ability to absorb the damage, a recent UN environmental study has found. The study concludes that without radical action the level of prosperity that millions of people in the developed world count on will be impossible to maintain or extend to poorer countries.
最近一项联合国环境研究发现，人类对世界自然资源的破坏迅速超过了地球吸收这些损害的能力。该研究得出结论称，如果不采取激进的行动，发达国家数以百万计的人们所依赖的繁荣水平将无法维持或延伸到较贫穷的国家。
Water scarcity is the curse of some of the poorest regions on Earth, leaving developing countries increasingly unable to feed themselves, and causing hardship for millions of people. There appears little prospect of this desperate situation being remedied without radical action being taken. Water resources are under increasing threat from population growth, climate change, rapid urbanization, rising levels of consumption, and the degradation of lands that previously provided a natural replenishment (补 充 )of water resources.
水资源短缺是地球上一些最贫困地区的诅咒，导致发展中国家日益无法养活自己，使数百万人陷入困境。在不采取激进行动的情况下，似乎很难解决这种绝望的局面。水资源正受到人口增长、气候变化、快速城市化、消费水平上升以及之前提供水资源自然补充的土地退化等因素日益威胁。
The rate of damage to the natural environment was found to increase globally, despite concerted efforts to persuade governments to take measures to improve the condition. “If current trends continue, and the world fails to improve patterns of production and consumption, then the state of the world’s environment will continue to decline,”warned UN executive director Achim Steiner.
尽管劝说各国政府采取措施改善环境状况的努力在全球范围内增加，但自然环境受到破坏的速度仍在加快。联合国执行主任阿希姆·施泰纳警告称：“如果当前趋势继续下去，世界未能改善生产和消费模式，那么世界环境的状况将继续恶化。”
He said the tools for improving the environment for millions of people existed in developed countries, but were in danger of not being used.
他表示，改善环境的工具在发达国家已存在，但存在未被使用的危险。
The study found that basic measures to tackle some of the key causes of environmental damage were still not being taken. These included measures to reduce air pollution, to control the damage to marine eco-systems, which can have a huge effect on fish stocks on which hundreds of millions of people depend；and to curb the degradation of land where modern agricultural methods were pursued without regard to thelonger-term consequences.
该研究发现，仍未采取一些基本措施来解决一些环境破坏的关键原因。这些措施包括减少空气污染、控制对海洋生态系统的破坏，这对数亿人口依赖的鱼类资源产生巨大影响；以及遏制对土地的破坏，在这些地方，现代农业方法的推行忽视了长期后果。
Despite the recent global agreement on cutting greenhouse gas emissions, global carbon output continues to rise. This will put a long-term strain on the ability of developing economics to feed their own people. Climate change is aggravated by the emissions of greenhouse gases from chemical and natural fertilisers used in agriculture which increased by more than a quarter between 2000 and 2010. Other problem areas identified in the report included glaciers, which provide vital water resources for millions of people, but which are shrinking as the climate warms.
尽管最近全球达成了减少温室气体排放的协议，但全球碳排放量仍在上升。这将长期对发展中国家养活自己的能力造成压力。气候变化受到农业化学和天然肥料排放的温室气体的影响，在2000年至2010年间增加了超过四分之一。报告中还指出的其他问题领域包括冰川，这些冰川为数百万人提供了重要的水资源，但随着气候变暖而萎缩。
In rich countries, these problems have built up over decades and centuries while economic growth was pursued at the expense of the environment. Subsequent efforts to remedy the environment have met with partial success. But in developing countries, the path of future development has more potential to change, which has encouraged international institutions to devise more sustainable growth pathways that are supposed both to alleviate poverty and preserve the environment.
在富裕国家，这些问题是在数十年甚至几个世纪的时间里积累起来的，而在追求经济增长的过程中环境受到了损害。后来的环境补救措施取得了部分成功。但在发展中国家，未来发展的道路更有可能发生变化，这促使国际机构制定更加可持续的增长路径，既可以减轻贫困，又可以保护环境。