作文 + 阅读 —— 2022年6月大学英语六级考试真题 （第一套）
作文
作文： Nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle
分析： 环保，lifestyle（生活方式）
Nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle.（话题句）
如今，越来越多的人选择过环保的生活方式。According to a recent survey conducted by CCTV, a high proportion of 59.4 percent of people started to pay more attention to environmental protection. （话题阐述）
中央电视台最近进行的一项调查显示，59.4%的人开始更加重视环境保护。
中间
There may be a combination of factors which can explain this considerable progress. （过渡句）
可能有多种因素可以解释这一重大进展。A large-scale education campaign was launched to inform the public that many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are still suffering from starvation or resource exhaustion.
开展了大规模的教育活动，告知公众许多人，特别是贫困地区的人民仍在遭受饥饿或资源枯竭的痛苦。As a result, more civilians realized the seriousness of the situation and thus wanted to do something by leading an environmental-friendly lifestyle.
结果，更多的平民意识到了情况的严重性，因此想通过过环保的生活方式来做点什么。The wide popularity of new energy vehicles is an example.
新能源汽车的广泛普及就是一个例子。
7.By shifting from traditional automobiles to more environmental-friendly ones, individuals reduced the exhaust emission which is detrimental to the environment.
通过从传统汽车转向更环保的汽车，个人减少了对环境有害的废气排放。
中间结尾句的过程要注意一下，根本不会写。 绿水青山，就是金山银山。 Lucid waters and lush mountain are invaluable assets.
结尾
- In brief, taking into account all of these factors,（总结） we may reach the conclusion that environmental protection is everybody’s duty and thanks to the combined efforts of all people, we can surely have a greener future.（建议，展望）
简而言之，考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出结论，环境保护是每个人的责任，并且由于所有人的共同努力，我们一定可以拥有更绿色的未来。
阅读
阅读技巧： 定位法，画线。
第一篇
Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive, and for not training graduates for the world of work. Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they live.
美国的精选高校和大学因过于精英化、过于昂贵以及未能为毕业生进入职场做好准备而受到批评。这些指责忽视了一个事实，即这些机构继续为学生在工作中的成功、在公民生活中的深思熟虑参与、终身学习以及理解世界和与他们共存的人们做好准备。
46.What fact does the author emphasize concerning selective colleges and universities?（B）
A) They have been ignoring the training of graduates for the world of work.
B) They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future.
C) They have been constantly attacked for being too elite and too expensive.
D) They have been actively engaged in civic life beyond the school campus.
A) 他们一直忽视了对毕业生进行职场培训。
B) 他们在确保学生拥有成功的未来方面做得很好。
C) 他们因为过于精英化和过于昂贵而不断受到攻击。
D) 他们一直积极参与校园之外的公民生活。
These colleges and universities must be doing something right. Applications are at record highs, and their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever. This model of education has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation.
这些学院和大学一定是做对了什么。申请人数创历史新高，他们的助学金项目使这些学校比以往任何时候都更易于接近。这种教育模式长期以来在创造机会、推动经济增长和激发创新方面发挥了核心作用。
47.What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?（A）
A) It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development.
B) It has succeeded in maintaining sustainable financial aid programs.
C) It has given priority to innovative programs for graduate studies.
D) It has played a central role in attracting international applicants.
作者在为美国的教育模式辩护时说了什么？
A) 它对国家整体发展做出了巨大贡献。
B) 它成功地维持了可持续的经济援助项目。
C) 它优先考虑了研究生项目的创新计划。
D) 它在吸引国际申请者方面发挥了核心作用。
Yet, there is growing skepticism about the value of this model. The recent tax reform bill is a wake-up call that our strongest colleges and universities are under assault by some in government. The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest. Thankfully, these provisions were ultimately stripped from the bill, but lawmakers let stand a new tax on the investment income of some colleges and universities.
然而，越来越多的人对这种模式的价值表示怀疑。最近的税收改革法案是一个警钟，表明我们最强大的高校和大学正受到某些政府人员的攻击。最初的提案将通过对研究生的学费减免征税和取消学生贷款利息扣除，使得教育对许多人来说变得不可负担。幸运的是，这些条款最终被从法案中删除，但立法者仍保留了对某些高校和大学投资收入的新税收。
What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?（D）
A) They would have stripped many students of life’s chances.
B) They would have deducted graduate student loan interest.
C) They would have added to many students’financial burden.
D) They would have increased the number of tuition waivers.
我们从最近的税改法案初始提案中了解到什么？
A) 它们本可能剥夺许多学生的生活机会。
B) 它们本可能扣除研究生贷款利息。
C) 它们本可能增加许多学生的经济负担。
D) 它们本可能增加学费减免的数量。
While these attacks are motivated by misguided ideas, we need to do a better job of explaining why these claims are false and why what we do is valuable. We cannot take for granted that any of this is obvious.
尽管这些攻击是出于误导的想法，我们需要更好地解释为什么这些指控是错误的以及我们所做的事情为什么有价值。我们不能理所当然地认为这一切是显而易见的。
It is often said that elite colleges and universities do not train students, particularly those who study the liberal arts, for the workforce. But this can be refuted by scholarly research. The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work. This education develops the skills of critical thinking, rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word, understanding of cultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep learning. In fact, liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field.
人们常说精英高校和大学不会培训学生，尤其是那些学习文科的学生，不为劳动力市场做准备。但这可以通过学术研究来反驳。数据显示：文科教育是很好的职业准备，无论是终身收入还是对工作的满意度都很高。这种教育培养了批判性思维、对数据和事实的严格分析、书面和口头交流、对文化差异和问题的理解以及持续学习的能力。事实上，文科毕业生在每一个可以想象的领域都表现极为出色
49.What do the data show about elite colleges and universities? （D）
A) Their graduates lack the rigor required for doing statistical analysis.
B) Their students prove to be inadequately prepared for their future careers.
C) Their focus on research is conducive to developing students’ critical thinking.
D) Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.
数据显示关于精英学院和大学的什么？
A) 他们的毕业生缺乏进行统计分析所需的严谨性。
B) 他们的学生证明对未来职业准备不足。
C) 他们对研究的关注有助于培养学生的批判性思维。
D) 他们的文科教育使毕业生在任何领域都能表现出色。
Access to an education at selective colleges and universities is now more available than ever to low-and middle-income families. We have built endowments from donations by alumni (校友)and parents who understand and appreciate our mission to provide access and opportunity, and a significant portion of the returns from these endowments is used to fund financial aid.
如今，低收入和中等收入家庭的学生比以往任何时候都更容易获得精选高校和大学的教育。我们通过校友和家长的捐赠建立了捐赠基金，这些人理解并欣赏我们的使命，即提供机会和机会，这些捐赠基金的一大部分回报被用于资助助学金。
Ironically, the new tax on endowments drains financial aid funds from the very schools most able to offer opportunity to those who have earned a spot but cannot otherwise afford this education. Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools, the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.
具有讽刺意味的是，新的捐赠基金税削减了最有能力为那些获得一席之地但无法负担教育费用的人提供机会的学校的助学金资金。除了为那些在这些学校中获得一席之地的人提供的机会的美德外，经济背景的多样性还增强了我们所有学生的教育和经验。
50.What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students? （B）
A) Every student can choose the institution they wish to attend.
B) All students can benefit from a diversified student population.
C) All students will be able to earn a place on university campus.
D) Less privileged students will be more competitive at elite schools.
提供学生资助的优势是什么？
A) 每个学生都可以选择他们希望就读的机构。
B) 所有学生都可以从多样化的学生群体中受益。
C) 所有学生将有机会获得大学校园的位置。
D) 较为贫困的学生在精英学校将更具竞争力。
第二篇
When a group of Australians was asked why they believed climate change was not happening, about 36% said it was “common sense”, according to a report published last year by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. This was the most popular reason for their opinion, with only 11% saying their belief that climate change was not happening was based on scientific research.
当一组澳大利亚人被问及为什么他们认为气候变化没有发生时，约有36%的人表示这是“常识”，根据澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织去年发布的一份报告。这是他们观点的最普遍原因，只有11%的人表示他们认为气候变化没有发生是基于科学研究。
- What does the author intend to show by citing the findings from the report published（A）
A) People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking.
B) It is often the case that truth lies in the hands of a few.
C) Common sense and science are the two sides of a coin.
D) Few people know if climate change is really happening.
作者引用这份报告的调查结果的目的是：
A) 表明人们在思考时很少诉诸于理性。
B) 常常情况下，真理掌握在少数人手中。
C) 表明常识和科学是同一个硬币的两面。
D) 很少有人知道气候变化是否真的正在发生。
But what do we mean by an appeal to common sense? Presumably it’s an appeal to rationality of some sort that forms the basis of more complex reasoning. The appeal to common sense, however, is usually nothing more than an appeal to thinking that just feels right, but what feels right to one person may not feel right to another. Whether it feels right is usually a reflection of the world view and ideologies we have internalised, and that frames how we interact with new ideas. When new ideas are in accord with what we already believe, they are more readily accepted. When they are not, they, and the arguments that lead to them, are more readily rejected.
但是，我们所说的“常识”是什么意思呢？可以推测，这是一种基于某种形式的理性的呼吁，构成更复杂推理的基础。然而，对常识的呼吁通常只是对感觉正确的思维的呼吁，但一个人感觉正确的事情可能并不适合另一个人。它是否感觉正确通常是我们内化的世界观和意识形态的反映，它们构成了我们与新观念互动的框架。当新观念与我们已经相信的东西一致时，它们更容易被接受。当它们不一致时，它们以及导致它们的论点更容易被拒绝。
52.What is the appeal to common sense according to the author? （D）
A) It is the basis for the internalisation of individuals’ideologies.
B) It is a series of conceptions formulated from complex reasoning.
C) It is collective wisdom that helps people interact with new ideas.
D) It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.
- 根据作者的说法，常识的吸引力是什么？
A) 它是个人意识形态内化的基础。
B) 它是从复杂推理中制定的一系列概念。
C) 它是帮助人们与新观念互动的集体智慧。
D) 它是基于个人认为正确的主观感觉。
We often mistake this automatic compatibility testing of new ideas with existing beliefs as an application of common sense, but, in reality, it is more about judging than thinking. As Nobelist Daniel Kahneman notes in Thinking, Fast and Slow, when we arrive at conclusions in this way, the outcomes also feel true, regardless of whether they are. We are not psychologically well equipped to judge our own thinking.
我们经常将对新观念与现有信念的自动兼容性测试误认为是对常识的应用，但实际上，这更多是关于判断而不是思考。正如诺贝尔奖得主丹尼尔·卡尼曼在《思考，快与慢》中所指出的那样，当我们以这种方式得出结论时，结果也会感觉正确，无论它们是否正确。我们在心理上没有能力判断自己的思维。
- What does Daniel Kahneman think is the problem of testing new ideas with existing beliefs?（A）
A) It may lead to incorrect judgment.
B) It makes no use of common sense.
C) It fails to correct mistakes through serious reasoning.
D) It can produce psychologically unacceptable outcomes.
- 丹尼尔·卡尼曼认为用现有信念来测试新观念的问题是什么？
A) 这可能导致错误的判断。
B) 这没有利用常识。
C) 它无法通过严肃的推理来纠正错误。
D) 这可能产生在心理上无法接受的结果。
We are also highly susceptible to a range of cognitive biases such as giving preference to the first things that come to mind when making decisions or giving weight to evidence.
我们也极易受到一系列认知偏见的影响，比如在做决定或给证据权重时更倾向于首先想到的事情。
One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification of knowledge, in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make sense not just to us, but to other people. The outstanding example of this socially shared cognition is science.
我们可以通过知识的社会验证来检验我们内在的偏见和不一致性，即通过以严谨和系统的方式测试我们的想法，看看它们不仅对我们自己而且对其他人是否有意义。这种社会共享认知的杰出例子就是科学。
54.What can we do to be less susceptible to cognitive biases?（C）
A) Give equal weight to evidence of both sides in a conflict.
B) Provide convincing examples in developing an argument.
C) Establish socially shared cognition via scientific methods.
D) Avoid inconsistencies when addressing controversial issues.
- 我们可以做些什么来减少认知偏见的影响？
A) 在冲突中给予双方证据同等的重视。
B) 在论证过程中提供令人信服的例子。
C) 通过科学方法建立社会共享的认知。
D) 在处理有争议的问题时避免不一致性。
That does not mean that individuals are not capable of excellent thinking, nor does it mean no individual is rational. But the extent to which individuals can do this on their own is a function of how well integrated they are with communities of systematic inquiry in the first place. You can’t learn to think well by yourself.
这并不意味着个体无法进行出色的思考，也不意味着没有个体是理性的。但个体能够独立进行这种思考的程度取决于他们与系统性探究社群的整合程度。你无法靠自己学会思考。
In matters of science at least, those who value their common sense over methodological, collaborative investigation imagine themselves to be more free in their thinking, unbound by involvement with the group, but in reality they are tightly bound by their capabilities and perspectives. We are smarter together than we are individually, and perhaps that’s just common sense.
至少在科学问题上，那些看重自己的常识而不是方法论、合作性调查的人，认为自己在思考上更自由，没有被群体牵制，但实际上他们受到了能力和观点的严格限制。我们一起比单独更聪明，或许这就是常识。
55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?（D）
A) Multiple perspectives stimulate people’s interest in exploring the unknown.
B) Individuals can enhance their overall capabilities by interacting with others.
C) Individuals should think freely to break from the restrictions of common sense.
D) Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals limitations in scientific inquiry.
- 作者在文章结尾试图传达什么信息？
A) 多角度激发人们探索未知的兴趣。
B) 个人可以通过与他人互动提升整体能力。
C) 个人应自由思考以突破常识的限制。
D) 合作努力可以克服个人在科学探究中的局限。
2022年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）
第一篇
Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy and give assistance to those in need. One government proposition is to eliminate $ 10,000 of debt for ‘economically distressed’ students. Some in US Congress have gone so far as to suggest forgiving up to $50,000 in debt per student borrower, but does forgiving student debt necessarily correlate to helping the economically disadvantaged?
一些美国人声称，宽恕学生贷款是刺激经济、帮助有需要的人的一种方式。政府的一个提议是为“经济困难”的学生减免10000美元的债务。一些美国国会议员甚至建议为每位学生借款人宽恕高达50000美元的债务，但宽恕学生债务是否必然意味着帮助经济弱势群体呢？
46.Why do some people advocate forgiving student loan debt? （B）
A) They assert it will narrow the gap between the wealthy and the poor.
B) They believe it will benefit both the economy and the underprivileged.
C) They claim it will eliminate economic distress among college students.
D) They think the cost of education is the responsibility of the government.
为什么有些人主张宽恕学生贷款？
A) 他们断言这将缩小富人和穷人之间的差距。
B) 他们认为这将有利于经济和贫困人口。
C) 他们声称这将消除大学生中的经济困扰。
D) 他们认为教育费用是政府的责任。
The answer is no. This policy is just giving money away to universities and the most affluent students in attendance. Federal Reserve data reveals that the highest-income 40 percent of households owe approximately 60 percent of outstanding student debt, while the lowest 40 percent owe just under 20 percent. This could be due to a combination of factors：students from high-income households are more likely to go to expensive colleges, less likely to receive financial aid, and more likely to have high incomes post-graduation. Plus, the majority of student debt is held by graduate degree earners, who earn approximately 25 percent more than their undergraduate counterparts. Clearly, giving free reign to banks to forgive student debt is a step in the wrong direction.
这项政策实际上只是在向大学和出席的最富裕的学生散发钱财。美联储的数据显示，收入最高的40％家庭拥有约60％的未偿还学生贷款，而最低的40％仅拥有略低于20％。这可能是由于多种因素的结合：来自高收入家庭的学生更有可能上昂贵的大学，更不太可能获得助学金，并且更有可能在毕业后有高收入。此外，大多数学生贷款由获得研究生学位的人持有，他们的收入约比本科同行高25％。显然，给予银行自由原谅学生债务是朝着错误的方向迈出的一步。
47.What do we learn from the Federal Reserve data? （B）
A) Approximately 60% of student debt remains unpaid.
B) Cancelling student debt benefits wealthy families most.
C) Forgiving student debt provides little benefit to universities.
D) Low-income families owe the biggest amount of student debt.
从美联储的数据中我们学到了什么？
A) 学生债务约有60％仍未偿还。
B) 取消学生债务最有利于富裕家庭。
C) 原谅学生债务对大学的好处很少。
D) 低收入家庭欠款最多。
Other proposals for broader, long-term student loan plans have some fundamental problems. One idea is to cancel student debt only for undergraduate degrees and for students making less than $ 125,000.
This attempts to address the fact that Congress’ previously mentioned student loan forgiveness plan largely helps out the wealthy, but is an adverse incentive for universities to keep raising tuition and for students to choose to major in low-earning degree programs. Colleges have no reason to make their programs more affordable if they believe students will just take out more debt. And, students will feel more comfortable making the irresponsible decision to go tens of thousands of dollars in debt to major in impractical or idealistic subjects if they know their loans will be forgiven.
对于更广泛、长期的学生贷款计划，还有一些根本性问题。一个想法是只为本科学位和收入低于125,000美元的学生取消学生债务。
这试图解决国会先前提到的学生贷款宽免计划主要帮助富人的事实，但对大学来说是一个逆向激励，他们会继续提高学费，而学生则会选择主修收入较低的学位课程。如果他们相信学生只会贷款更多，大学就没有理由让他们的项目变得更加负担得起。而且，如果学生知道他们的贷款会被宽免，他们会更容易地做出不负责任的决定，欠下数以万计的债务主修不切实际或理想主义的科目。
48.What does the author say students are likely to do if they know they needn’t repay their loans? 选（A） 错选（D）
A) They will choose to study subjects without considering their job prospects.
B) They will be free to pursue their goals without being burdened financially.
C) They will over-borrow and live beyond their means.
D) They will be able to enroll in expensive universities.
- 如果学生知道他们不需要偿还贷款，作者说他们可能会做什么？
A) 他们将选择学习科目，而不考虑就业前景。
B) 他们将能够在不受财务负担的情况下追求自己的目标。
C) 他们会过度借贷，生活超出自己的能力范围。
D) 他们将能够在昂贵的大学就读。
第48题 正确答案：A 您的答案：D
【定位】由题干中的if they know和 needn’t repay their loans定位到第四段最后一句。
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出 ，如果学生们知道自己的贷款会被免除，那么他们更容易做出不负责任的决定，主修不切实际或理想主义的科目，而不惜签下数万美元的债务。由此可知，作者认为学生提前知道学费债务免除的后果，主要是导致他们选择的专业不实际。再结合该段首句中所说的，学生因此会选择主修低收入学位课程，概括而言，如果学生知道债务可以免除,那么他们就会不太考虑就业后的收入前景，主修不切实际的课程，故A）为答案。
【避错】B）项具有干扰性，但原文所说的“做出不负责任的决定”，学习“不切实际或理想主义的科目”明显是负面含义,不可等同于自由追求目标，故排除;原文说学生可能会不惜欠下数万债务，但并未说这样做是否会导致其生活入不敷出，C）项为过度推断,故排除;D）项所述内容在相关部分并未提及，故排除。
This is especially concerning given the pandemic (大流行病)has rendered a college education practically worthless. Students are paying tens of thousands of dollars per year to live at home and be lectured on the Internet. Do we really want to tell colleges that they can get away with providing below average service for an outrageous cost?
这一点尤为令人担忧，因为大流行病使得大学教育几乎毫无价值。学生每年花费数万美元在家上网课。我们真的想告诉大学，他们可以用极高的费用提供低于平均水平的服务吗？
49.What does the author imply about colleges offering online education? （C） 错选（A）
A) They cannot get away with the serious consequences.
B) They have suffered greatly from the current pandemic.
C) The tuition they charge is not justified by the quality of their service.
D) The tuition they charge has surged outrageously during the pandemic.
作者对提供在线教育的大学暗示了什么？
A) 他们无法摆脱严重后果。
B) 他们在当前大流行中遭受了巨大损失。
C) 他们收取的学费与其服务质量不成比例。
D) 他们在大流行期间收取的学费激增。
第49题 正确答案：C 您的答案：A
【定位】由题干中的 online education定位到第五段第二句。
【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，大流行病期间，学生们每年支付数万美元却只是待在家里，接受网上授课。在随后一句，作者批评这些大学收取高昂的费用而只提供低于平均水平的服务，可知其学费与服务质量不相匹配，故 答 案 为C)。
【避错】A）表述含糊不清，文中并未提到在线教育会对大学产生什么后果，故排除;根据定位段可知，提供在线教育的大学并未降低学费，可知B）所说的遭受巨大损失并无依据; 作者只提到提供在线教育的大学收取高昂的学费，但没有说它们是否提高了学费，故排除D）。
In the case of any of these student debt plans, working-class Americans who chose not to or could not afford to go to college will be subsidizing the education of the professional class. Plumbers and retail workers will be paying for the degrees of doctors and lawyers.
The US government’s effort to help those in debt is commendable but is this really the solution that will help the poor financially recover?
在任何这些学生债务计划的情况下，选择不上大学或无法负担上大学费用的工薪阶层美国人将为专业阶层的教育提供补贴。 水管工和零售工人将为医生和律师的学位买单。
美国政府帮助负债者的努力值得赞赏，但这真的是有助于贫困人口经济复苏的解决方案吗？
50.What will happen if any of the proposed student debt plans is implemented? （C） 错选（B）
A) Plumbers and retail workers will have a chance of becoming professionals.
B) Working-class students will have increasing access to subsidized education.
C) Blue-collar workers will have to bear the cost of educating would-be high-eamers.
D) A growing number of students will be able to earn degrees in medicine and law.
如果实施了任何提出的学生债务计划，会发生什么？
A) 水管工和零售工人将有机会成为专业人士。
B) 工薪阶层学生将逐渐获得更多受资助的教育机会。
C) 蓝领工人将不得不承担培养未来高收入者的成本。
D) 越来越多的学生将能够获得医学和法律学位。
第50题 正确答案：C 您的答案：B
【定位】由题干中的 student debt plans 和implemented定位到倒数第二段。
【精析】事实细节题。定位段首句指出，无论施行何种学生债务计划，都是让美国工薪阶层资助专业阶层的教育，随后采用举例的方式,说管道工和零售工人将为医生和律师的学位支付学费，也就是蓝领阶层将为高收入的专业人士承担教育费用 ，故答案为C)。
【避错】选项 A )和 B)均混淆了原句概念，定位段的意思是管道工和零售工人为他人的教育买单，工薪阶层资助专业人士的教育，而不是自己受教育成为专业人士或获得更多资助，故均排除; D)项偏离了定位段主题,该段主要探讨的是免除学生债务是否公平，是否不利于工人阶层，并未涉及获得学位的学生是否会增多的问题，故排除。y